Museum paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Museum paper - Essay Example Adams is not only a photographer par excellence, he is also a famous environmentalist known for pushing preservationist agendas and working for the protection of the American natural heritage (Bowers, 2007). The sublime in nature is clearly evident in most of his works where the majesty of the natural environment is presented to the viewers unadulterated by colors. The collection on display at the Bowers Museum features not only pictures of nature but also of man and some which are in combination. Clearly, Adams was not looking at nature to the exclusion of human beings since he does take his own self portrait amongst natural surroundings even if it is just a shadow of his self which is imposed on nature. However, the images and the artist himself come with the implication that nature is certainly a fundamental part of who he is and what he thinks is important (Bowers, 2007). On the other hand, Chuck Close seems to be focusing on the art and wealth of effort which is required to produce a single work of art. While the works seem like pictures and images when seen from a distance, upon closer examination the art seems to dissolve into pixels that can be found on television or computer screens (OCMA, 2007). This I found to be quite magical since the image presented by the artists could change significantly depending on the distance I was standing away and the areas I was focusing on. Chuck Close’s work does not focus on the elements of nature which surround us but rather it focuses on the greatest creation of nature, i.e. human beings. More exactly, it focuses on the human face in its many variations, colors, shapes and ages. For example, the Self-Portrait of the artist shows a middle aged man who is looking directly at the audience while Emma shows a young child who seems to be gazing into the distance rather than looking at the viewer (OCMA, 2007).

A Sense of Environmental Consideration Research Paper

A Sense of Environmental Consideration - Research Paper Example Ecological deterioration results from several sources. However, these sources can fall under two categories namely natural and anthropogenic causes. Anthropogenic causes of environmental degradation include industrial activities, mining, agriculture and developmental infrastructure. The success of all these activities revolves around the modification of the environment in several ways. The constructions of industries require space. As such, vegetations are cleared to create space for such constructions. This renders the soil void of vegetation, thus, exposes it to threats of soil erosion (Nemeth, 2012). This leads to environmental degradation through loss of soil fertility, thus reducing the agricultural potentials. This culminates to food crises. The loss of vegetation through environmental degradation is critical n causing the issues of global warming. This follows that there will be little or no vegetation to absorb the temperature as well as the light from the sun. In addition, t he loss of vegetation means little incidences of surface albedo (Nemeth, 2012). Therefore, the surface reflectivity of the sun’s rays will be hampered. This means that more heat will be absorbed by the surface of the soil and will be released gradually to the atmosphere. This causes global warming. The increased temperatures in the atmosphere may affect the ozone layer, causing its depletion. This may be responsible for changing the weather patterns thereby affecting several activities on the global perspective. Environmental degradation may also follow the activities of several industries.

AstraZenecas Strategic Information Management

AstraZenecas Strategic Information Management An extensive research has been by conducted to present the following outcome from of my study regarding Strategic Information Management. To compliment my study I did the research on AstraZeneca, a bio pharmaceutical Business company. Which gave me closer view and clear idea of my topic of study and I have related my report on that. Understanding the impact of management information on decision making Assessment Criteria Identify the features of data and information As we know that data is the collection of facts and figures. There is a several sources that are used to obtain the data but all the data that we get is not relevant. The relevant data to the management becomes information. The management needs information to make decisions. Information is needed in every type of decision making, from every day business decisions to the large and most important decisions. Data can be qualitative or quantitative of a collection of both. Such qualitative and quantitative data is attributed to a variable or different set of variables. Data is obtained on the bases of different variables depending on the nature of the data. Data is collected in a large form and then information and knowledge are filtered from the data to support in decision making. Qualitative Data: The qualitative data can be in forms of characters, graphs, pictures etc. The qualitative data determines the qualitative information from the source. It is descriptive and not all of such data is concrete. Qualitative data categorizes the items. It defines the items according to their specifications. It is also used to differentiate between the items as most of the items are not differentiated when collection their quantitative data. Quantitative Data: Quantitative data is also referred numerical data. Quantitative data is the data that determines the quantity from the source. It is often in forms of numbers and values. It is used to differentiate the date on the value or the quantity of the items. It is used for the measurement of the exact and approximate values. Example: AstraZeneca conducts market research and divides the information in two different groups qualitative data and quantitative data. In qualitative Data it has got consumer demographics, cultural norms, likes, dislikes, personalities where as in Quantitative data it has sales, average spent by consumers, cost of product etc. Information: Information is the part of the data is useful for decision making. Information is extracted from the data. Data is always in a larger amount and not all data is used by the managers to make decisions. So they filter the most important form of data which becomes information for them. Determining the criteria to be applied when selecting data and information to support decision-making. It is very important to have a suitable and sufficient data and information to support any type of decision making. Easy and every day decision making requires less amount of data and information where as complex and difficult making requires more amount of data and information. There are several standards used to determine the importance of specific data and information for the managers to make decision. i. The nature of data and information should be relevant to the decision that is going to be made. It should not be irrelevant data and information that is distracting from the main idea. The data should be related to the decision in a way that it supports the decision in and the information builds up the bases required for the decision making process. ii. The data and information should not be biased to a point. It should be a multi dimensional data that shows different angles to support the decision making. iii. The data and information should be complete. It should be sufficient enough so that the manager gets complete information that would be required to make the decision. That data should collect more amount of factual information with proper expression of numerical values. iv. The data and information that we perceive from different sources around us supports the decision making process. Before making a decision an individual or set of individuals set a goal which they aim to achieve as a result of their decision. So the data should be goal focused. It should reflect the goal that we need to achieve as a result of the decision. v. It is very important that data and information are collected from multiple sources. That the data collected from those sources should be compared and the best possible information should be filtered to suit the decision making. Different sources of the data could reveal essential information that could be used for the decision making process. Evaluating the impact of a management information system to an organisation. Every business organization needs information to support its all business activities and decision making. The system that enables the organizations to access the information to manage the organization is called Management information system. A management information system (MIS) is a system that provides information needed to manage organizations effectively . MIS in any organization is used to manage the flow of information and the uses of that information. The effective the flow of information is the smoother the business will be. Management information system is also used to the evaluate and manage all other forms of information systems that are used by the organization. Such as the decision support system or expert system. In other Management information system is the master systems that controls all other management and information systems with in the organization. Since the discovery of MIS, organizations have benefited from it a lot as it has increase the efficiency and effect iveness. It has also made the complex decision making process a lot easier and time saving. If management information system is utilized in an effective manner, it can make business operations more efficient and it would reduce the risk of wrong decision making. Information empowers people and correct and effective form of information benefits the organization by empowering the employees that would improve their performance and performance of the organization as a whole. There are high chances of rise in productivity if the management information system is implemented effectively. According to a business cycle the outcomes of a successful MIS are planned to be obtained for a five year business plan. It provides managers with relevant information regarding all the business aspects. It also assists them in the decision making. It also acts as a performance indicator and tells the managers how the business has performed. It can also be used to improve the performance of the business where it can be improved. 2.1 Determining the legal responsibilities in sourcing, sharing and storing information Legal responsibility is the responsibility that lies on the organization in accordance with the law as it has to follow certain legal procedures in business activities. Every organization has got a legal responsibility regarding sourcing, sharing and storing information and it has to follow it to avoid any legal action against that organization. Confidentiality. The confidentiality disallows the organizations to disclose the information of any individual, group of individuals or business to be disclosed to any other individual, group of individuals or a business without a proper approval. The confidentiality also restricts the organizations to disclose the information of individuals to the unauthorised employees of those organizations. Integrity The integrity puts a responsibility on the organizations in which they cannot change, customise or personalize any information that is provided to them. The organizations are legally bound to keep the information to them. Integrity can be violated if the message has been changed. It is organizations responsibility to keep all the information to them as it has been provided to them. Availability The availability of the information enables the information to be available when is required. That means the information should be accessible to authorised people when they need it thus it should also be protected at the same time. The information should only be available for the use of the authorized people and any unauthorized person or business should be denied access. Authenticity It is also one of the legal responsibility of the business organizations to make sure that any information that they provide is not fake or forged. The data should also be authentically validated in its true form and actual state. Non-repudiation Non-repudiation is a legal responsibility on the organization that they have to fulfil their legal requirements. I also ensures that sender and receiver can not deny that the information has been sent or received respectively. Example AstraZeneca has got a confidential information which it collects in its surveys and researches and it protects the data as a legal obligation. 2.2 When should information be offered and access allowed. Access control It is a responsibility of the organizations to control the access of the individuals, group of individuals and businesses to the information. Organizations are supposed to restrict the access of unauthorised entities or any individual that has not been identified as an authentic person to access the information. Organizations are responsible to control the disclosure of the information only to the parties that have the right to access the information. Identification It is important for organizations to identify the individuals correctly before granting them access to the specific information. There are several different processes used by the organizations to the identify they individual intending to the access the information. So organizations should allow the access when the identification of an individual satisfies them for the authenticity of the individual to qualify to access the information. Authentication Authentication is a process that establishes weather an individual, a group of individuals or a business has the right to access the information or not. When an individual is identified it is then evaluated on the basis of authenticity that if the individual qualifies for the access to the information or not. Organizations verify the authenticity on three different ways: identity of an individual, possession of the individual or the specific knowledge of the individual. These are the ways in which information can be evaluation from individuals. Cryptography Cryptography is used by the organization to make the information unusable to unauthorized people. It is modern and technologically advanced process. That restricts the access of information to the people who are not authorized to use it. Organizations should allow access to individuals that they want to and restrict the access of everyone else. Example There is certain information in the management information system of AstraZeneca which is only allowed to certain people on prove of identification. 2.3 Evaluating the formats in which information can be offered. The data format in which the organization offers the information must be a format of the organization is fully aware of. It should be a format that is the most suitable format to disclose the data in a from where the distortion can be minimized. The formats used to offer the information should be the formats that are widely accepted and which are in a standardized form and if there are no standardized format for the information that we need to offer then formats should be used that are defined by open consortia. If the document is modified the format should also be modified according to that document. Print The data in print format can be offered by books, journals, news papers, paper documents, cards etc. print format is the most conventional and safe to protect. Audio The information on audio format is very widely used. It used mainly in informal method. The audio format can be very effective in specific situations. Telephones and mobile phone are coming used to offer data. Radios are also part of audio format. Most of the people prefer Audio with Video. Video Video format is one of the most expensive formats to offer information but it is easy to access by masses. Video format is in easy reach of many and preferred by most. It is considered more effective than audio. It is more interactive than print but it has a shorter life than and less concreteness than print format. Computer/Internet Computers and Internet are the most common and most efficient means to offer information the individuals. It is cheap and efficient. There are security risks involved in it. It is easy to access and can be access by multiple users at the same time. It saves time and money but some times it can be hard for those people who dont know how to use computers or for the people don not have the access to the computer and internet. Example: AstraZeneca provides information to customers by brochures, Radio ads, TV ads and internet website. LO3: Use information to inform and support strategic decision-making Assessment Criteria 3.1 Analyze information to identify patterns and trends Information that is extracted from the date is used into the business to make decision. That information helps to build perceptions. Information is used to specify different patterns and trends. Different patterns and trends can be expressed by graphs, diagrams or charts. Example AstraZeneca uses pie charts, bar graphs and other graphic and it tells the different patterns of cusumer and market trends. Which helps the management to make decisions. AstraZeneca uses the information to identify the development of new products and new sales opportunities. Evaluating a range of decision making tools and techniques available to support a strategic decision There are several tools and techniques that are used by the managers to support a strategic decision making. Organizations use these tools according to their needs and according the magnitude of the decision that has to be made. Decision Trees To draw a decision tree the management has to identify all the available options. So the list of the available option would be considered and then out of each of the decision should be stated. The similar options are merged to form two main options. The decision is often represented by the nodes. Decision nodes, chance nodes and end nodes. The Pareto Analysis The is a technique used to identify the option from all the available options that would get the best possible out of all. Most commonly the options that have chances to result in 80% positive outcome by 20% work are selected from the options available. This is also commonly know as the 80/20 rule. Pros and Cons In this technique the manager has to state all the advantages and disadvantages of all the decisions and then the manager has to identify the most effective decision in which advantages outnumber all the disadvantages. PMI In this technique there is an addition to the advantages and disadvantages category that is interesting. That adds up the available options of the decisions. Six thinking Hats This is one of the most effect techniques of decision making. It is combined with the parallel thinking. It requires a group of individuals which think in a combined and prolonged way to reach to the decision making. Determining the sources available to assist in analyzing data information Different organizations use different sources to analyze the data information available to them to support them in decision making process. Accuracy The accuracy of the data should be evaluated to analyze it. The more accurate it is the effective it will be. If it is not accurate it will not be effective to use. Ease to use The data information has to be easy to use for its users. If it is too difficult to be understood then it cannot be utilized in a best possible manner. It should be user friendly and system friendly. Comparisons The data information should be compared with other data available to the business. Comparison of data will give a clear view for the analysis. As it will later be easier to select the more most appropriate data information for the management information system. LO4: Monitoring and review management information Assessment Criteria 4.1 Identifying methods of evaluating management information within an organization There are different methods involved in evaluating the management information within an organization. The management information is evaluated to know weather the information would be relevant and useful for the organization or not. Identifying sources The sources should be identified from which the information has been derived. So that the concreteness of the information can be confirmed later. It is more likely for information to be reliable if the source is reliable. Relevance The information has to be relevant to be used in the management information system. So that it can be used into the organization to make decisions. The relevance of the information can be determined by the objectives that need to be achieved through it. Access There should be an easy access of the information for the authorised users of the information. Access to any unauthorized person should be denied to that information. Objectives The information should be evaluated against the organizational objectives. The information should complement the objectives and can be used to achieve objectives. 4.2 Discussing process for analyzing impact of information on strategic decision made There is a very strong impact of information on strategic decisions made. This impact is analyzed by the out come of the strategic decisions made and the contribution of the information on them. The informations role in achieve the objective and the assistance by the information to make strategic business decisions is crucial part to analyze its impact. Information is used to get the essential bases to make a decision. Information is made into work when it is used as knowledge. Example With effective Management information system and successful application of Decision support system AstraZeneca has been able to benefit a lot. They use their information to effectively to make successful strategic decisions. 4.3 Determining methods of developing information capture to inform and support strategic decision making Information can be collected in different methods which is then used to support strategic decision making. Surveys Different organizations conduct different surveys to collect information. These surveys are based on different questionnaire which are specifically designed to get a definite information about anything. Surveys can be targeted or sometimes they are conducted on random people Research Large organizations have got specific devoted research department to conduct researches but small and medium sized organizations form groups of individuals to which conduct researches when they have to get any information to make a strategic decision or when they have to develop a new product. Outsourcing Many business organization try to outsource the information. They get the information from other business firms which collect information and provide it to other businesses. Example A has got a devoted research and development department which has been specifically designed to conduct surveys and conduct research to develop new products or to improve previous ones. Summery Information is very vital for any business operations. So it is important for the organizations to develop effective management information systems. The information from the management information systems should be used to make effective strategic decisions and to make effective strategic decisions the information has to be the best possible information available. It is also important for the organizations to

Sex Equality Essay -- Gender Roles, Sex Discrimination, Title IX

Sex Equality Title IX is a sex discrimination issue that was brought up in 1972. Title IX prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in school programs and school activities (source 1). Title IX includes all high schools, colleges, and universities. Since 1972, Title IX, has made a big difference in academics, athletics, and employment oppurtunities for girls and women. A guiding principal in America states that equal opportunity is not rhetoric (source 1). The most drastic progress from the Title IX issue is in interscholastic and intercollegiate athletics. Although sex discrimination continues to be noticed in education and athletic programs (source 1). Title IX’s implementing regulations have exact provisions dealing with athletic programs and all scholarships. Title IX provides, to the people, the circumstances that if an institution operates or sponsors any athletic programs, they must provide equal athletic oppurtunities for both sexes. The Office for Civil Rights is to consider whether an institution is correctly issuing the athletic interest and abilities of students of both sexes (source 1). Women now make up the majority of the students in America’s colleges and universities, along with the majority of recipients of master’s degrees (source 2). Regardless, colleges and universities still give lower amounts of treatment to women’s athletics while spending a large chunk of the money on men’s athletics. Title IX became part of the amendments of education on June twenty-third, 1972. â€Å"No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subject to discrimination under any educational programs or acticity receiving federal financial assistanc... ...that receive federal education money (source 5). The 2005 rule allowed schools to meet the requirements of the third prong by using an e-mailed survey to female students. This survey would be able to ask students about their athletic interests (source 5). Title IX increased the amount of women that participate in college sports (source 4). The number has more than quintupled (30,000 to 186,000) since 1972. Coaches have used many ways to inflate the number of women on athletic teams. They have been trying this because the higher the number of women in college sports, the more positions can be added to men’s sports teams (source 4). It seems evident that limiting the number of women and girls is also limiting the nation as a whole (source 2). This limitation keeps females from realizing their full potential. It just gives males free reins over the world (source 2).

Dentistry and Senior Citizen

As a student under the curriculum of health education, to bring about our service is now more than treating the patient illness but improving the patient whole being. This is what being taught to us in the lectures under the subject community dentistry. Recently, I have the opportunity to apply this knowledge and get hands on knowledge what health, community and dentistry are all about. What other best method than to dive into the community itself. Under the supervision and guidance by Professor Dr Noorliza, my friends and I visited a house of old folks or senior citizen 20 minutes away from the college. Such projects or activities like this are no longer a stranger to me as I did this frequently during my years of studying for my International Bachelorette diploma and for each project a similar report like this was also required. Therefore, the planning of our events would come as easily as I had experience such conduct before. However, this time around, the approach and set of mentality was more toward a dentist point of view and as a person who is to educate the community. The target group was senior citizen and the aim is to promote dental hygiene. However, the targeted group consists of people who are already wear out by time. The gap between our generations is pretty wide and there are almost zero to none topic of interest to be discussed. Nevertheless, such barrier is to be overcome and I tried as hard as I can to keep the conversation going and even slip in advices regarding importance of maintaining and monitoring the oral health. There were other obstacles also, with the old age, their senses started to deteriorate. The slurry speeches and their hearing also were not as well as they were in youth. What amazes me is how each person still put up a smile trying their best to enjoy our company. Though there were awkward silences now and then, we all manage to share couple of laughter here and there. I had the opportunity to talk to Mr Bulam who was a teacher and is already 80 years old. However, compare to the other inhabitant of the old folk home, he still maintain his intellect to a certain degree. His secret is reading and I am sure to apply throughout my life. Most of our conversation involves me as the listener and it teaches me to be patient. However language or slang that people are conversing in, if we make an effort to listen, the meaning is sure to come across. Besides that, I also manage to interact with the caretaker. Looking at the condition of the residents and the house itself shows that these people did a really good job in taking care of them. Even more so, it amazes me as most of them do it from the goodwill of their heart. To be expose to this humble people really make me more grounded. This kind of humanity experience is not the kind of thing that can be taught, it has to be experienced by oneself. To bring joy to their daily mundane life, waiting for time to pass by, we perform some songs. Looking how their face light up like a kid in a clown show, gives my heart a wrench and I somehow realize that they must have been really lonely to be away from their family, friends and home. Therefore, I was glad that our little visit breaks their daily routine and provided them with the company they longed. We even presented each of them with a Chinese New Year card and oranges. I hope that this little souvenir reminded them of us and shows the effort we put in to accompany them. The time given was short and at the end of the visit I still wonder whether I had done the duty required by me as a dental student or better yet just as another compassion human being. The trip has opened my eyes to the various communities present and how each of them requires equal amount of attention by health practitioners. I believe that I still need to improve my communication skill and adopt a more compassionate approach to the people around me. Last but not least, I was really glad that the trip was done with my friends as it teaches me to also learn how to cooperate with each other and work together. I long discovered that certain things are not meant to be done alone and this trip reinforces its importance. Finally, in the near future I hope to achieve greater success and becomes wiser over the accumulated experiences especially this one.

A Reflective Writing

Student life is one of the most beautiful experiences ever.   Many things not learned in the home, in the workplace and within the vicinity are all enjoyed and encountered in school.One thing is worth mentioning, I could not have appreciated the beauty and exquisiteness of life as a student without the tedious requirements, blunders in the course of the performance of all those required of us and achievements at the end of the day.   Here are some worth-mentioning experiences and are worth-sharing.Practicum IV was very challenging.   I had it with College Champigne.   Expectations I had with the school and with the students were high.   I had to prepare as much as I could to meet the standards.   The students were in their high school, advanced grade 2 level.At the beginning of my teaching experience, I made sure to encourage the use of plain English as a mode of communication, either with me or with their classmates.   I introduced L2 standard of teaching thinking that all students having reached such level are capable of performing in that level.To my despair, I noticed that immediately utilizing L2 standard poses difficulty in the students.   Evaluation conducted yielded low result in the students’ performance. With this observation, I had to adjust my manner of teaching.Some performed low, so I had to get back to L1 to be able to cope with the needs and the capability of the students.   In responding to this problem, I also talked with the students personally.   I had to know their individual difficulties so I may be able to apply the best method suitable for all of them, without disregarding some students behind. This, for me, is the essence of a teacher as a critic and interpreter of knowledgeNevertheless, constant communication is English had been the policy.   Consistency and insistent use of the language, I believe, etched in the minds of the students the value of learning English and the use of it in day to day life.   I made sure to be a model in the use of the language myself; otherwise, the student would not have the encouragement to use the same.I designed strategies suitable to all 38 students.   First thing to note is that as a teacher, I should have a positive mind in all the undertakings.   In some activities, I make sure that both oral and written practices are applied.   In the grammar portion, I asked the students to read a fairy tale, for example.   The story is read orally, the students also had some group work wherein they are able to share their opinions and thoughts on the story.After the oral activity is the written one. In the discussion on verb tenses for instance, the students are asked to fill out the blanks of the appropriate verb tense.   They also had home works to work on.   With the aid of fairy tales also, the students are able to make plot diagrams to assist them in their group discussion.   Students who chose the same fairy tale are grouped together.Moreov er, the students are asked to make body biography of the characters of the story assigned.   This enables them to relate the story to the class the next day.   This also enables them relive the story during the course of the discussion.   Each group is to make a body biography and relate the same to the class.   They also had jigsaw reading and the reader’s theater.   The latter made use of a video where they had to make the editing themselves.All these involve the participation of everyone, enhancing the confidence of the students as they work with their peers.